The advent of World War One (the war to END all wars) brought warfare into a new and foreboding era of man to man killing and slaughter. Air power, mechanized warfare, chemical warfare and the general widespread use of machine guns changed the face of battle almost completely. However the solitary fact remained that in the end it was STILL man against man in a desperate, brutal and deadly struggle for survival. The static and stagnant lines created by entrenched warfare demanded new and innovative tactics and strategies. Among these was the advent of “raiding” parties. Small groups of lightly armed men who ventured out into “no man’s land” for the purpose of recon, probing, intelligence, prisoner grabs, and psychological “demoralization” missions. The nature of fighting under these conditions became popularized as “trench warfare”. This was close-in knife to belly hand to hand combat. All manner of expedient, purpose designed and improvised close-combat weaponry was employed. While technological advances were being made in all other forms of warfare, this particularly nasty and vicious man to man fighting reverted to the most barbaric, primitive and bloody “methods” imaginable. Just as it has been since Cain slew Abel and how it WILL be until the last two humans clench fists or seize stones in raging anger during the final melee of the Apocalypse.
Fostered by this, most military forces researched, developed and implemented fairly comprehensive and rigorous training methods specific to close-combat and “trench fighting”. The bayonet, the knife(especially the trench knife), and hand to hand combat became prime training doctrines along with advancements in general physical conditioning and battle preparation. The unarmed hand to hand methods were drawn from any and ALL sources of man to man combat. Boxing, wrestling, Savate, jiujitsu, and any number of “rough and tumble” gouge and kick back alley tactics were employed. Those charged with the task of developing such training programs were well AWARE of the fact that NO ONE SINGLE “approach” to combat was SUFFICIENT in REAL man to man kill or be killed battle!
Punching, kicking, striking, butting, stomping, biting, gouging, throwing, tripping, choking, strangling, bone breaking and the use of ANY and ALL weapons of close combat expediency were STRESSED! The foregoing should satisfy and fulfill anyone’s “definition” of MIXED martial tactics and techniques (even if Muay Thai or more accurately Siamese boxing and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu were not included). And to be fair, I do have English language books circa the late 1920’s - early 1930’s that detail Siamese boxing quite well. As an aside, one manual details the “favorite” attacks of Siamese style boxers as being directed at the liver with brutal kicks and at the throat while grasping the hair with one hand and smashing the throat with the other fist (gloves were NOT worn at this time). The liver attack was lethal in many cases because of the widespread epidemic of malaria which left the spleen swollen and distended even if you survived and made it a deadly focal point of attack. DEATHS occurred DAILY in these matches and were considered just a routine hazard of the “trade”.
The years after WWI saw an increase in self-protection “systems” designed for and “marketed” to the average citizen. Law Enforcement organizations also began to pay more heed to this area of training. This was just part of a movement to increase the professionalism of law enforcement personnel in general. Virtually ALL of these “systems” advocated an all-around well-balanced approach to personal combat. Elements of boxing, wrestling, foot-fighting and jiu-jitsu as a “mixed” toolbox of personal defense tactics became quite popular. Even methods that relied primarily on western boxing and wrestling maneuvers acknowledged that a well rounded combatant MUST be able to BOTH strike effectively as well as grapple. Other methods that touted “jiu-jitsu” as a singular answer to personal attack and defense were advocating a “jiu-jitsu” THAT was quite comprehensive in it’s syllabus of blows, strikes, kicks and grappling methods. It would be VERY good to remember here, that for all the “talk” about W.E. Fairbairn, during this period the Shanghai Municipal Police academy trained their recruits in BOXING - WRESTLING and JIU-JITSU! OR as one veteran of the SMP put it…………………….”our training in this area was a MIXED BAG of physical skills”!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
There was virtually NO “authority” or “expert” in this field who DID NOT advocate a “MIX” of striking/kicking and grappling either as a combined “method” or as found singularly as in “real” Japanese jiu-jitsu. When it was “for all the marbles” NO ONE would be as short-sighted as to negate ANY and ALL possible methods of attack and defense. As far an “aliveness” training goes, jiu-jitsu (NOT Kodokan Judo) “free practice” of this period allowed virtually ANYTHING. Including atemi to almost ALL kyusho points, including the testicles, base of skull etc. The ONLY “advisement” proffered was NOT to hit so HARD as to KILL your training partner, SAVE that for “matches” against OTHER jiu-jitsu schools!
ONLY in the arena of sporting combat did this division of method, pitting one against another, become a somewhat popular past time. Matching wrestlers against boxers, either of the two against jiu-jitsu men, or Savate fighters against boxers (Biddle fought in such a match while in Paris) was done under a constantly varying set of rules so that it became virtually impossible to ever really determine what “method” was superior, and even then, as some sportswriters of the time pointed out, what did ANY of this have to do with REAL fighting when NO rules applied. Even Jigoro Kano’s nephew got involved in promoting these types of matches between western boxers and native Japanese Judoka. They were called “JU (as in Judo/Jujutsu) - KEN/KENTO (as in fist or fist-fighting)”. Even Choki Motobu when asked if his Kempo-Karate was “superior” to boxing (after his KO of a western style pugilist) said that in order for his “method” to be used against a boxer specialized training specific for that type of match would have to be undertaken. Judoka interested in these JU-KENTO bouts sought out SPECIFIC instruction in just HOW to make Judo work against boxing. An entire book on this subject was published in Japan in the early 30’s. It is of the UTMOST importance to remember that ALL of these bouts had strict rules and regulations of engagement! Few if any of these mandates would have had much bearing on what one could do in a real pier-six back alley brawl. As an example: Judoka were almost ALWAYS forbidden to use any methods of ATEMIWAZA (striking, punching, kicking, butting and smashing). However, Judo “experts” of the time have advocated often and in their writings that ATEMI would be the MOST preferable method of attack and defense in a serious engagement.
The bottom line here is simply this: for use in a REAL violent assault NO ONE, but an utter FOOL, would suggest an attitude or method approaching anything LESS than that of an ALL-IN “anything goes” doctrine. In regards to “sporting combats” NOTHING was ever, or could ever be, conclusively proven to be superior to anything else. At one time or another ANY of these various “methods” had BOTH big and impressive WINS and equally impressive FAILURES.
Next installment we’ll look at the World War Two era and define the true meaning of the term “combatives”………………
©2005 www.thetruthaboutselfdefense.com
Carl Cestari began his study of the martial arts with judo at the age of 7 under the direction of Yoshisada Yonezuka. During the past forty plus years Carl has dedicated his life to studying the martial arts, hand to hand combat systems, history and religion. What makes Carl unique is his combination of martial arts, law enforcement and military and real world experience. Carl has been exposed to a multitude of people with a wide variety experience. The following is a list of some of Carl’s ranks and honors.
Shinan (Founder) Tekkenryu jujutsu
Ryokudan (6th degree) Koshinkai Karate under John Burrelle
Godan (5th degree) Jujutsu under Clarke of the World Jujutsu Fedaration (now defunct)
Sandan (3rd degree) Nippon Kempo under Narabu Sada
Nidan (2nd degree) Judo under Masafumi Suzuki
Shodan (1st degree) Judo under Yoshisada Yonezuka
Shodan (1st degree) Shukokai Karate under Kimura, Kadachi and Yonezuka
Shodan (1st degree) Daitoryu Aikijujutsu
Instructors Certificate- Charles Nelson System of Self Defense under Charlie Nelson
http://www.thetruthaboutselfdefense.com
Access to the Eastern MacDonnell Ranges is via the Ross Highway east from Alice Springs. The road is sealed for the first 75 kilometres, with an unsealed road continuing to the Ross River Homestead and Arltunga. The unsealed road is maintained in good condition and is suitable for two-wheel-drive vehicles and caravans. Many tracks in the region, such as those extending from Arltunga to Ruby Gap Nature Park, and from the Ross River Homestead to Ndhala Gorge, are suitable only for four-wheel-drive vehicles.
In addition to several spectacular natural features such as Emily and Jessie Gaps, Corroboree Rock, Trephina Gorge, Ndhala Gorge and Ruby Gorge, the East MacDonnell Ranges also offer the opportunity to step back into Central Australia and the Northern Territory’s history at the Arltunga Historical Reserve, and to fossick for zircon, garnet, beryl, apatite and tourmaline at Gemtree. Eastern Arrernte culture has a long history in this region.
Arltunga is located about 120 kilometres east of Alice Springs, and was the first town to be built in Central Australia. Established in 1887, this historic mining town is today a true ghost town. Preserved by the aridity of the surrounding desert environment, many of Arltunga’s original stone buildings remain in excellent condition. Arltunga is named after a subgroup of the indigenous Arrernte people who have lived in the area for over 20,000 years.
Emily And Jessie Gaps are two gorges in the Eastern MacDonnell Ranges quite close to Alice Springs. Both sites are of great significance in the Yipirinya Dreamtime story which describes the creation of the Alice Springs landscape, being the location where the Caterpillar ancestors of the indigenous Central and Eastern Arrernte people met. Both sites are popular local picnic spots. The Corroboree Rock Conservation Reserve is a small reserve about 50 kilometres from Alice Springs. It contains a rock formation of special significance to the Eastern Arrernte people, being a site where traditional initiation ceremonies took place.
The Trephina Gorge Nature Park is located about 85 kilometres east of Alice Springs, and is arguably the most attractive of the many natural features in the Eastern MacDonnell Ranges. Its stunning scenery includes huge River Red Gums, sandy creek beds, semi-permanent waterholes and towering red rock-walled gorges. There are five marked walking tracks in the area, taking from 45 minutes to 6.5 hours to complete. Campers often base themselves at Trephina Gorge, venturing out on day trips to explore other attractions such as Arltunga and Ndhala Gorge. Trephina Gorge is noted for its sheer quartzite cliffs and broad, River Red Gum lined sandy watercourses. Many examples of Central Australia’s unique flora and fauna are abundant in the area, including majestic Wedge-Tailed Eagles which lend their name to the Valley of the Eagles.
Ndhala Gorge Nature Park is located about 98 kilometres east of Alice Springs. It is a significant Aboriginal art site containing over one thousand ancient rock carvings or petroglyphs, sheltered for thousands of years by the rugged red walls of two rocky gorges. The carvings and varied flora can be viewed on a short walk. A number of indigenous cypress-pine trees unique to the Central Australian ranges grow along the exposed slopes. The dirt road into Ndhala Gorge is accessible to conventional vehicles in good weather, but it can be very rough in places and a four-wheel-drive vehicle is recommended.
The Ruby Gap Nature Park is located about 140 kilometres east of Alice Springs. Ruby Gap was the scene of a rush of activity by miners in 1886 seeking rubies which later proved to be worthless garnets. It is one of the most beautiful gorges along the Hale River which winds through the Park, but accessible by four-wheel-drive vehicle only.
Miguel Scaccialupo writes regularly on Alice Springs Tour topics including Alice Springs Tour destinations and Alice Springs Tour itineraries.
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Hunting through the use of spears and other tools used to be the ancient man’s primary way of sourcing food. Today, hunting is still very much alive in the modern society, although it is being for various reasons.
One of the top hunting targets for men is the wild boar, a known ancestor of domestic pigs although they look different. Boars are classified as feral hogs, Russian wild boar or hybrids, a mixture of the first two kinds. Boars are called full bloods if they are pure wild boars and standard if they are a result of breeding domestic pigs and pure wild boars.
Feral hogs are hogs that have escaped domestication and became wild. The free roam farming, or the practice of branding hogs and releasing them into the open to roam free and breed, is said to be responsible for the existence of feral hogs today.
Feral hogs can be found in nine States, with the largest population found in Texas. Texas and other States consider hogs as nuisance animals so hunting rules are very lenient. In fact, hunters are allowed to hunt feral hogs using any kind of weapon or bait, at any time of the day. True Russian boars are said to exist only in Texas and New Hampshire.
The increasing population of feral boars is attributed to their ability to reproduce fast, the practice of free ranging husbandry methods and the existence of more water in arid areas. These boars can produce four to six litters depending on their breed and the availability of food in their area.
A hunter’s success in hunting boars using rifle will depend on the population of the wild boars, the hunter’s knowledge of the behavioral patterns of wild hogs, and the use of the right kind of rifle.
Feral hogs have keen eye sights and they have a very good sense of smell and hearing. A fully mature feral hog can weigh from 200 to 700 pounds while a wild boar or the Russian boar can weigh up to 400 pounds.
Wild boar hunters should consider the kind of gun they are going to use, the gun caliber, the load of the gun which should match their hunting style, the terrain where they expect to encounter the hogs and the range between them and the boars.
Bug Huntress QA Lab announces of extending its BugHuntress Test Suit functionality for Palm OS 3.0-5.4 Kharkiv, Ukraine - October 4, 2005 - Bug Huntress QA Lab, the leading software testing company for testing applications for PDA’s and smart phones being the originator and of the pioneering BugHuntress Test Suite which is an automated testing system for PDA applications, announces its BugHuntress Test Suite functionality extension for application testing on Palm OS compatible handhelds and emulators, working on Palm OS 3.0-5.4.
Bug Huntress Team feels proud to remind of its BugHuntress Test Suite automated testing system which is a client-server system with Windows server that enables testing both on Palm OS devices and their emulators by comparing the result with reference values at control points. PC and Palm parts of BugHuntress Test Suite interact through COM-port, by using USB-bus and via TCP/IP protocol. Automated testing is performed using special scenarios, scripts and control points (e.g. screen CRC, controls states, databases states, etc.) which basically represent software test plan written in Java-script with BHTS commands. The system’s flexibility allows to script any test plan and easily carry out functional, output and stress testing. Test Suite is especially convenient for regressive testing, when changes to program code are continually made throughout software lifecycle. Some useful application’s features are: capability to control reference sums comparison, capability to take screenshots during test execution and compare them with the reference ones, handy results logging.
The overwhelming advantage of the enhanced BugHuntress Test Suite if compared to proximate products for embedded systems with sophisticated human interfaces is its ability to build in between the Palm OS and the application being tested and intercept the wider variety of events on the system level. It needs not to emulate system pressing on buttons but intercepts events within the system.
Now the enhanced version of BugHuntress Test Suite supports the all the above OSes. It also now supports WinCE and Symbian platforms.
About Bug Huntress QA Lab The company was founded in 1998 as an independent software development and software testing company. Wide experience in QA gained by the team and high demand on testing services transformed the QA department into a new brand-Bug Huntress QA Lab (www.bughuntress.com). Bug Huntress QA Lab in cooperation with its QArea owner-company has developed a variety of cross-platform software solutions for business, security, healthcare and gaming industry.
http://www.bughuntress.com
info@bughuntress.com
Promotions advertised as online game contests, in time, can call for an entry fee or license of buy. Anyone can win absolutely fantastic wakeboards now every 5 weeks even if you live in Colorado Springs Colorado or in Conroe Texas, isn’t that fantastic.
Translated in Ducth is says: Woont u in Enschede of Noordwijk en wil jij veel prijzen winnen’ Winnen met Win de Prijsvraag is nog nooit zo gemakkelijk geweest. Fijne prijzen winnen met de windeprijsvraag.nl site‘ Vaak 268 prijzen per maand. Van Maassluis tot Werkendam, met Win de prijsvraag.nl winnen is altijd mogelijk. Een man van 24 heeft een week geleden nog een auto in de wacht gesleept.
Online sweepstakes and online actions are banned from demanding a purchase to enter. Lots of more fun websites are pick out to enter online internet sweepstakes. That’s why there are super plasmas to be won at contest website and cyber sweepstakes this month. Sweepstakes are generally much more sluttish and much more quicker to enter than funny online contests. Entering easy sweepstakes by mail is slumping in popularity nowadays. 8 months ago also a Europe based company has started with a online game contest and is also legally different. Sweepstakes are also legally completely different from the contest websites in Campbell California. That will be terrific to win electrical tools worth 6654 euro and that simple. Online contests are toughened much more different than the conquerors who are not chosen by risk but by an fine element of some skill.
If you’re like me there are days when you wake up and feel like you could use about another 8 hours of sleep. Most of us handle this by pumping ourselves full of caffeine through coffee or energy drinks. But there is a way to improve energy levels without the jittery side effects of caffeinated beverages. Goji juice offers a healthy and proven way to boost energy naturally. With no known side effects, it’s definitely the healthy alternative to using caffeine, which is only a short term and sometimes dangerous solution. With Goji juice, not only do you get the increased energy, it also helps to improve your mood by elevating anxiety.
Made from the Goji berry found in the Himalayans, Goji juice goes beyond fighting tiredness and improving energy. It has a whole slew of other health benefits that are currently being studied and documented. And since it is being studied and medical journals are publishing the benefits of it, you know that Goji juice is not just the latest health fad. With its high levels of antioxidants, which are key in fighting cancers, Goji juice should be a part of everyone’s daily diet, but especially those who have a family history of cancer. Most of us don’t get enough antioxidants to really have any health benefits, but with the level of antioxidants in Goji juice, this is not the case. Quite often, after taking 2 ounces of it a day for a month, people are finding a vast improvement in their health and general well being. It can also help regulate weight and boost your immune system, helping you to better fight off disease. And it’s not like it taste horrible either! With its slightly sweet and slightly sour taste, Goji juice tastes great and should be easy to incorporate into your everyday diet.
Past life regression, also known as PLR, might often uncover the reasons why we have issues with work colleagues in our current lifetime or why we are concerned of certain things. You have people around you in your current life that you have astonishingly met before, just imagine being proficient to locate what happened and what your relationship was to them at that time and remove blocks that plague you in your current lifetime and even locate talents and bring them into your present time. Past life regression, aka PLR, is astonishing. Discover Past Life Regression with Anne Jirsch.
When you are having a past lifetime regression, aka PLR, session you should regress to the lifetime you will most need to learn about in your current time. This is superb and will probably describe an amazing deal about your current life and help you will to go forward with your life with a greater understanding of yourself, your life and the people around you.
You will often also ascertain why you are the person that you are, now that is unbelievable. If you rejoice in nature maybe you were once working as a farmer, if you like to travel maybe you were a traveller. Instead of ignoring our strengths we should embrace each of them.
Each particular experience is wonderful and unique. Others have unearthed places they had lived in before and ?knew? where to go.
Does “roughing it” in the luxury of a warm home on wheels sound like your idea of camping? Would you be happy at a campsite where you could have a roaring campfire, bar-b-qued meals on an open grill, and the fresh outdoor smell of sea, forest or dessert? Would it even be better if you could sleep in a queen size bed with a forced air furnace keeping you warm at night or air conditioners cooling you during the day?
If this sounds like your kind of camping, then getting a recreational vehicle might be what you need to look into. There are a lot of resources on the internet to help you learn about RVing. A Google search will turn up many more. There is helpful information online that will help you decide on what style RV is best suited to your needs.
Sleeping in the open or in a tent is a wonderful experience that many enjoy for years. Maybe you have camped that way or maybe you are new to the idea of spending time in the wilderness. If you could use a lot more comfort and freedom to camp in more types of weather, RVing could give you and your family some wonderful memories
Today, like no time in history, there are more options for owning a RV. There are inexpensive and very expensive trailers and motorhomes. There are many styles and price ranges. You can buy new or used and still get a great bargain.
A RV typically will have a bedroom with a large bed and closet space. It will have a living room with a couch that folds out into a bed, a dinette, an easy chair that probably reclines and may also be a rocker. Your kitchen will have a refrigerator, gas stove, an oven and a microwave, plus a double kitchen sink. Some are appointed with leather furniture that makes some home furnishings look outdated. RV’s are like mini apartments.
You can find tent trailers from $500 on up on the used market. You can find motorhomes from $1500 up to $200,000 and more on the used market. If you want to buy new the price ranges vary depending on the type of experience you want. You could spend a few thousand on up to close to $1,000,000. You can go from sparse to luxurious. There are 14 foot trailers and trailers and motorhomes in excess of 40 feet.
If you have not been inside a modern RV, you should locate an RV show in your area and plan on attending. Make it an all day affair. If there isn’t a RV show coming to your town soon, then find the nearest RV dealership and spend a few hours touring their various models of motorhomes and trailers. You may have to visit a few dealers to find all the styles of trailers and motorhomes.
Modern RVs have slide out rooms that make a narrow RV much more spacious. These “slides” are power driven and go in our out at the push of a button. When you go into a RV with one, two or even three and four slides, you will think you are in a beautifully appointed home with all the amenities of a one bedroom apartment
Do you know that living in a RV fulltime is becoming an attractive option for many people who cannot afford the cost of a new home? Space rent in a nice park can run you $150 to $500 a month. This may or may not include utilities. If you own a spacious RV or have low payments on one, you monthly “house payment” would be much lower than owning or renting a home.
Whether you want a small trailer for simple camping, a larger trailer for luxurious camping, a motorhome you can drive without a tow vehicle or a camper van with more amenities than ever, RVing may be just what you need to improve your lifestyle.
Sharon Hale
Dedicated to bringing your daily information in our RVing journal (blog) at http://www.rv-living-magazine.com/blog/blog.html
Has the power gone out at your house? Has your refrigerator stopped working during the night? Are you concerned about the food that was in your freezer being okay?
Relax ,in that case you can use some easy tips for handling food safely.
Through the food away when it is thawed or warmed to room temperature. Throw it out if it has been sitting at room temperature for longer than two hours.
Make sure to cook the food right away if it’s almost thawed and still a little cold. Once cooked, food can be refrigerated for later or eaten right away.
You may notice ice crystals on your food and if so, it’s okay to freeze it again. You can put it in a cooler with some dry ice if there is no freezer available to you. These items will need to be cooked, because your freezer will not offer the same longevity that a normal freezer would offer.
Once food starts to show off the markings of freezer burn they need to be thrown out immediately.
It’s not possible to prevent the occurrence of unexpected power interruptions due to weather or accidents, but it is possible to react properly in such cases.
If your current refrigerator or freezer isn’t working like it should, your best bet is to purchase a new one. If you have the space, you should certainly consider a large American Style fridge freezer. This can make a dramatic change to any kitchen. This site has a range of American fridge freezers from many suppliers that will server you better.
Just as an aside. For those who would “box” us in to specific “category”………
We don’t just write articles. There is a place we actually train in these methods every day. This is where people of various backgrounds come together and have one thing in common, TRAINING.
At the “Dojo”(which it is), we train in grappling methods drawn from many different styles. Hard HARD training in throws, takedowns, joint locks, chokes, strangleholds, and varied submissions. We drill and drill and FIGHT.
At the “Dojo”(which it is), we train in striking, punching, and kicking methods drawn from many different styles. Hard HARD training. We drill and drill, we hit heavy bags, banana bags, uppercut bags, speedbags, “makiwara”, and “spar pros”. We train full contact with Bogu and FIGHT.
At the “Dojo”(which it is), we train in hard combative oriented physical conditioning. Strength training, speed training, endless drills, grappling enhancement drills, striking enhancement drills. This helps us FIGHT. This is what we do.
The DOJO is there. It’s real and tangible. It’s where we TRAIN.
Just a note to anyone who might believe we sit around JUST reading books and pontificating. The door is always open and the invitation to train is there. You can call 973.831.0315.
Copyright 2003 http://www.thetruthaboutselfdefense.com ©
Carl Cestari began his study of the martial arts with judo at the age of 7 under the direction of Yoshisada Yonezuka. During the past forty plus years Carl has dedicated his life to studying the martial arts, hand to hand combat systems, history and religion. What makes Carl unique is his combination of martial arts, law enforcement, military and real world experience. Carl has been exposed to a multitude of people with a wide variety experience. The following is a list of some of Carl’s ranks and honors.
Shinan (Founder) Tekkenryu jujutsu
Ryokudan (6th degree) Koshinkai Karate under John Burrelle
Godan (5th degree) Jujutsu under Clarke of the World Jujutsu Fedaration (now defunct)
Sandan (3rd degree) Nippon Kempo under Narabu Sada
Nidan (2nd degree) Judo under Masafumi Suzuki
Shodan (1st degree) Judo under Yoshisada Yonezuka
Shodan (1st degree) Shukokai Karate under Kimura, Kadachi and Yonezuka
Shodan (1st degree) Daitoryu Aikijujutsu
Instructors Certificate- Charles Nelson System of Self Defense under Charlie Nelson
http://www.thetruthaboutselfdefense.com
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